Nephrology

Nephrologists are doctors who diagnose and manage problems such as chronic kidney disease, kidney infections, and kidney failure. They use tests like blood work, urine analysis, and imaging to understand how your kidneys are functioning, and they provide treatments that may include medications, lifestyle changes, dialysis, or even a kidney transplant if needed.

Nephrologists also work closely with patients to prevent kidney problems before they start. Because conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes can affect the kidneys, they help patients manage these issues and protect kidney health for the long term.

Why is kidney health important?

The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs that are located in the back of the abdomen. They are responsible for a variety of essential functions, including:

• Filtering blood: The kidneys filter about 120-150 quarts of blood every day. They remove waste products, excess water, and electrolytes from the blood.
• Regulating blood pressure: The kidneys help to regulate blood pressure by producing hormones that control the body's fluid balance.
• Making red blood cells: The kidneys produce a hormone called erythropoietin, which stimulates the bone marrow to make red blood cells.
• Maintaining electrolyte balance: The kidneys help to maintain the body's electrolyte balance by controlling the levels of sodium, potassium, chloride, and other electrolytes in the blood.
• Making vitamin D: The kidneys help to convert vitamin D from its inactive form to its active form, which is essential for bone health.

What are some common kidney conditions that nephrologists treat?

• Acute kidney injury: This is a sudden loss of kidney function. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including infection, dehydration, and certain medications.
• Chronic kidney disease: This is a long-term condition that gradually damages the kidneys. It is the most common type of kidney disease in the United States.
• Glomerulonephritis: This is a group of diseases that affect the glomeruli, which are tiny filters in the kidneys.
• Pyelonephritis: This is an infection of the kidneys.
• Kidney stones: These are hard deposits that form in the kidneys.
• Kidney cancer: This is a type of cancer that starts in the kidneys.